In India the wheels/rims of the truck and buses are passed through the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) by way of the standard IS 9438:2018 with respect to their safety and performance. Performance standards of this type detail the minimum standards required as well as procedures for testing to ensure the components are gifted to stand the ravages of business. As the Indian roads are filled with masses and stresses that challenge the strength of trucks and buses, following these standards should always be given priority to avoid any mishap and to achieve the intended reliability of the vehicles.
IS 9438:2018 classifies a wheel by its material such as ferrous and aluminum and the type of wheel such as the disc wheel and the wheel with demountable rims. The standard prescribes protection from real-life conditions through severe testing regimes such as the dynamic cornering fatigue tests and dynamic radial fatigue tests to determine the ability of these components. Besides making improvements to the product quality, which has resulted in the development of IS 9438:2018, manufacturers have understood the consumer needs and expectations regarding safety for the commercial vehicles that they intend on purchasing. In this blog, we will look at the finer details of IS 9438:2018 and see how it affects India’s manufacturers, consumers, and roads safely.
IS 9438:2018 lays down laboratory test methods and performance criteria for determining the desired minimum strength parameters of disc wheels for trucks, buses, trailers, and MPVs. The standard deals with many aspects, such as the classification of wheels by material and design, or rigorous tests that must be conducted in order to prove that these wheels can perform as expected in practical applications.
According to IS 9438:2018, wheels or rims for trucks and buses are classified based on:
Material
Category:
This classification in facilitating the testing ensures that each wheel or rim is tested according to its style and use.
The standard outlines several critical performance requirements that wheels or rims must meet to ensure safety and reliability:
Strength Characteristics: They have to be robust enough to bear the loads experienced during operation; Radial loads, Lateral forces as well as the impacts arising from contact with rough terrains.
Durability: It should be possible to observe fatigue properties to reveal that the wheels must not fail structurally when they are subjected to normal usage periods.
Failure Criteria: There is each and specific failure criteria stated in the standard in order to know whether a wheel or rim is still suitable for use or not. These include:
IS 9438:2018 prescribes several laboratory tests to evaluate the performance of wheels or rims:
Dynamic Cornering Fatigue Test: It checks how competent a wheel is when experiencing cornering forces. It can be performed using various methods, including:
Endurance Test under Dynamic Radial Load: This test measures the wheel’s ability to withstand radial loads that are acting on it at any one-time constant, which real-world driving situations may impose.
There is normally a controlled laboratory setting for these tests, then environmental parameters are maintained at set standards in order to obtain standardized results.
To achieve these tests, laboratories need to be well-equipped and maintained for them to deliver the right results. They should have the necessary machinery and technology to subject the wheels or rims through a simulated environment as that when in actual use on highways.
Wheels or Rims manufactured according to IS 9438:2018 must be labeled with essential information, including:
Besides, all the products made in the country and intended to be sold, displayed, distributed, or advertised in any part of India must be the ISI Mark conforming to the standard set by BIS. To use this mark the manufacturer has to get a BIS license which involves a testing process that entails an examination of the manufacturing capacity and quality control mechanisms of the producer.
To obtain BIS certification for spoke wheel rims, manufacturers must prepare and submit several essential documents:
| General Documents | Technical Documents |
|---|---|
| GST Certificate | Raw Material List |
| MSME Or Udyam Certificate (Not applicable for large-scale industries) | Raw Material Test Certificate |
| Manufacturing land details (Lease Deed/ Rent agreement) | Plant Layout (Lab, Office, Raw material area, Finished Goods area) |
| MOA/AOA (If Private Limited) | Machinery List |
| Electricity Bill | Location Layout |
| Authorization Letter | Equipment List |
| QCI Adhaar Card | Process Flow Chart and Description |
| QCI Appointment Letter | NABL approved Calibration |
| QCI Degree Certificate | Product Specific Declaration as per clause no |
| Owner’s Pan Card | |
| Factory License |
BIS certification is crucial to manufacturers who want to import and sell wheels or rims in India as stated earlier. The certification process involves several key steps:
Companies who want to get the BIS license have to fill out an application form, attach necessary documents, and pay the required amount of money.
The officials from the Bureau of Indian Standards will conduct an inspection of the manufacturing facility with a view to the standards provided for by IS 9438:2018.
Samples will be tested at a laboratory that is affiliated with BIS to confirm their compliance with the set standards.
On the passing of the test and the various assessments that would be conducted, BIS will issue a license to the manufacturers to use the ISI mark on their products.
There are also some details about the regularity of audits of the manufacturers, which are also going to be checked by BIS for their compliance with the stated standard.
This is a process that the manufacturers need to understand so that they can get an efficient certification process.
BIS certification for wheels used in passenger cars, quadricycle, and mini goods carriers is crucial for several reasons:
The government-approved fees for BIS certification of molded solid rubber soles and heels under IS 9438:2018 are as follows:
| Category | Fee (INR) |
|---|---|
| BIS Application Fees | 9,000 |
| BIS Marking Fees | Micro Scale - 5,6400 |
| Small Scale - 14,1000 | |
| Medium Scale - 22,5600 | |
| Large Scale - 28,2000 |
NOTE: BIS testing charge fees are subject to changes from time to time depending on the circulating governments’ policies on fee structure.
Thus, it is recommended to visit the official site of BIS or consult with a BIS registration consultant like Professional Utilities.
Compliance with IS 9438:2018 is vital for several reasons:
Safety Assurance:To prevent accidents due to wheel failure it is important that wheels should be able to stand operational pressures.
Market Competitiveness: Thus, abiding by standards reduces the vulnerability of the products in the markets by ensuring customers the quality of the products produced by the manufacturers.
Consumer Confidence: Most buyers would be more inclined to purchase goods that have earned certain certifications concerning the devices’ safety hence boosting sales and customers’ loyalty.
Legal Compliance: The Indian government has made it compulsory to get conformities of several components from the BIS standards to regulate all automobile parts, which makes mandatory the certifications to enter the Indian market.
Conclusion
IS 9438:2018 acts as a guideline that helps to assess the performance and reliability of wheels or rims of trucks and buses in India. This has been made possible by developing clear measures on how the intended product is supposed to perform and the testing procedures that need to be met in order to ensure that the manufacturers come up with products that meet the set regulatory measures as well as contributing to increased safety of roads. In the future, as the automotive industry expands in India, strictly following these standards will become an imperative need in order to enhance innovation, competition, and reliability of the vehicles in terms of safety.
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The three basic types of wheels are steel wheels, alloy wheels and forged wheels. Which wheel type is best? The best wheel type depends on individual preferences and driving requirements.
IS 9438:2018 is the performance requirement of wheels or rims used in trucks and buses according to the Bureau of Indian Standards.
ISI registration for wheel rims is mandatory in India to ensure that automotive wheel rims meet BIS safety, strength, and performance standards. It is required before manufacturing, importing, or selling wheel rims in the Indian market to ensure vehicle safety and legal compliance. Complete assistance for ISI registration of wheel rims is available at ISI Registration for Wheel Rims.
Yes, both products go through a similar BIS certification process involving product testing, documentation, and approval by the Bureau of Indian Standards. For the detailed process for EVA, visit BIS Certification for Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA).
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