Updated on June 19, 2025 02:53:19 PM
For passenger vehicles in India safety and performance are of prime importance and wheels have vital safety and performance attributions. To meet this need, the BIS has developed IS 9436:2018 which is a code that states the performance specifications of various wheels and ways to test them on passenger cars, quadricycles, and mini-load carriers. Besides, narrowly proclaiming the requirements for the wheel’s strength and durability, this standard also provides the testing procedures to meet these requirements. It also offers a structural format for classifying wheels by material and design which forces manufacturers to conform hence improving the standards and safety of auto parts as recommended in IS 9436:2018. Major tests include the Dynamic Cornering Fatigue Test, Dynamic Radial Fatigue Test, etc. The above tests suggest the wheel performances under various loads and stresses as would be experienced on road. With the ever-changing advancements in the automotive sector in India, passing the IS 9436:2018 tests is quite essential for companies that are aspiring to access the BIS certification thus meeting the legal requirements as well as promoting confidence of the Indian consumers in the safety features of vehicles. However, this blog is going deeper into the understanding of IS 9436:2018, going further to do a critical explanation of its manufactured and perceived meaning.
IS 9436:2018 covers the following aspects related to wheels for passenger cars, quadricycles, and mini goods carriers:
According to IS 9436:2018, wheels for passenger cars, quadricycles, and mini-goods carriers are classified based on the following criteria:
Based on the Material of the Wheel:
Based on the Category of Wheel:
Based on the category of Usage:
IS 9436:2018 specifies two key tests to evaluate the performance of wheels for passenger cars, quadricycles, and mini goods carriers:
Dynamic Cornering Fatigue Test
Dynamic Radial Fatigue Test
These tests are done in the laboratory and involve putting the wheels through load and stress profiles in an effort to determine their capability to endure normal highway loads.
In this test, the wheel is bolted to a test fixture, and the test is conducted by applying radial as well as lateral forces on the wheel to simulate cornering loads. The two loads are applied while only the wheel is rotated till failure and the number of cycles attained is noted. It has to run until the wheel breaks or up to a certain number of cycles it was prescribed to make.
Dynamic radial fatigue test assesses the performance of the wheel to resist vertical loads that are experienced on the rail. The wheel is placed on a test fixture such that a specified radial load is applied discretely through the wheel/tire interface on the tire bead seat through a loading pad. The load is applied, and while maintaining a constant rate of procedure a number of cycles is performed and the number of cycles at which failure occurs is documented. As was said in the case of the dynamic cornering fatigue test, the test is carried out till a wheel is completely damaged, or a predetermined number of cycles is attained.
IS 9436:2018 defines the following failure criteria for the wheel tests:
Wheels manufactured in accordance with IS 9436:2018 must be labeled with the following information:
Manufacturer's name or trademark
Size designation of the wheel
Also, if a certain production is standardized and is produced under the BIS license it must have a Standard Mark or ISI Mark. For using the Standard Mark, the manufacturer has to get the BIS license after proving the capability and facilities of manufacturing, quality control, testing, and the manufacturing process.
To obtain BIS certification for spoke wheel rims, manufacturers must prepare and submit several essential documents:
| General Documents | Technical Documents |
|---|---|
| GST Certificate | Raw Material List |
| MSME Or Udyam Certificate (Not applicable for large-scale industries) | Raw Material Test Certificate |
| Manufacturing land details ( Lease Deed/ Rent agreement) | Plant Layout (Lab, Office, Raw material area, Finished Goods area) |
| MOA/AOA (If Private Limited) | Machinery List |
| Electricity Bill | Location Layout |
| Authorization Letter | Equipment List |
| QCI Adhaar Card | Process Flow Chart and Description |
| QCI Appointment Letter | NABL approved Calibration |
| QCI Degree Certificate | Product Specific Declaration as per clause no |
| Owner’s Pan Card | |
| Factory License |
For wheel manufacturers who intend to export and sell wheels for passenger cars, quadricycles, and mini goods carriers in the Indian market, they must apply and get the BIS certification. The certification process involves the following steps:
The BIS and the necessary documents, as well as the payment of the charges for the application.
Examination of the manufacturing facility by the officials of BIS to ascertain to the degree that they have complied with the standard
The determination of thrust force and status of hydraulic cylinders can be—independently or in combination—determined by testing samples at a BIS-recognized laboratory.
once an organization passes the assessment and the test regime
The BIS ascertains compliance with the above standard periodically Time Check by the BIS on whether it still complies with this standard.
This is a process that the manufacturers need to understand so that they can get an efficient certification process.
BIS certification for wheels used in passenger cars, quadricycles, and mini goods carriers is crucial for several reasons:
The government-approved fees for BIS certification of molded solid rubber soles and heels under IS 9436:2018 are as follows:
| Category | Fee (INR) |
|---|---|
| BIS Application Fees | 9,000 |
| BIS Marking Fees | Micro Scale- 47,200 |
| Small Scale - 11,8000 | |
| Medium Scale -18,8800 | |
| Large Scale-23,6000 |
NOTE: BIS testing charge fees are subject to changes from time to time depending on the circulating governments’ policies on fee structure.
Thus, it is recommended to visit the official site of BIS or consult with a BIS registration consultant like Professional Utilities.
Conclusion
Performance requirement and test method IS 9436:2018 issued by BIS serves the primary need for the safety and quality of wheels that are fitted to passenger cars, quadricycles, and mini goods carriers. With the help of such aspects of the performance requirements, test methods, and failure criteria it becomes possible for manufacturers to create the wheel meeting the desired requirements of the regulation.
This makes certain that only wheels, that are up to the standard set by the BIS, are sold in the Indian market as a way of protecting the consumers and enforcing fair competition among wheel producers. Being a developing country and with the rapid growth of the automobile industry in India, the relevance of standards like the IS 9436:2018 will become more paramount as it will greatly support the safety and durability of the automobiles used on Indian roads.
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IS 9436: 2018 is the BIS standard which sets the performance requirements along with the test procedures for the wheels of the Passenger cars, Quadricycles, and Mini goods carrying vehicles in India. It means that any wheels involved must be of certain safety and strength minimal measures.
The standard distinguishes two primary forms of wheels by the material:
It also categorizes wheels into:
The following is the list of the first-level performance tests formulated in IS 9436:2018:
Dynamic Cornering Fatigue Test: Checks on the wheel's performance under standards that measure the lateral and radial loads during cornering.
Dynamic Radial Fatigue Test: Evaluates the wheel’s capacity of withstanding loads that are applied in the perpendicular direction.
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